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当使用GTIDs(global transaction identifiers),每个事务在提交时,都会被标记一个独特的事务号,被用于在备库上应用,这样在搭建复制环境时,不用使用日志文件和日志位置的传统方式搭建,大大简化了复制环境的搭建流程。可以使用语句级别和行级别的复制格式,建议使用行级别的复制格式。 GTID的格式如下 GTID = source_id:transaction_id source_id代表源服务端,transaction_id代表事务的顺序号。 限制: 因为以GTID为基础的复制时基于事务的,一些特性在复制中会有限制。 不支持非事务性的表,如MyISAM表等。 不支持CREATE TABLE ... SELECT语句。CREATE TABLE ... SELECT对于语句级别的复制格式不安全。当使用行级别的复制格式时,这个语句在日志中被记录成两个单独的事件,一个是表的创建,另一个是表的插入操作。当这个语句在一个事务中被执行时,在某些情况下这两个事件会被分配相同的事务号,这样第2个执行插入操作的事务可能会被从库跳过。 临时表。在事务内部,GTID复制不支持CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE、DROP TEMPORARY TABLE语句。 GTID复制不支持sql_slave_skip_counter参数。如果需要跳过事务,使用主库上的gtid_executed参数。 主库gtid_purged参数包含了所有在主库二进制日志中清除的所有事务。 搭建流程: 编辑主库的配置文件,并重启主库 # Log server-id = 27100 log-bin = production-bin #log-bin-index = /log/production-bin.index binlog_format = row log_slave_updates gtid-mode = ON enforce-gtid-consistency = ON 编辑从库的配置文件,并重启从库 # Log server-id = 35100 log-bin = production-bin #log-bin-index = /log/production-bin.index binlog_format = row log_slave_updates gtid-mode = ON enforce-gtid-consistency = ON 在主库上导出备份,并传输到从库 [root@localhost 20160609]# mysqldump -uroot -p'System#2013' -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -A -R --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 > 20160609.sql 在从库上应用备份 [root@localhost 20160609]# mysql -uroot -p'System#2013' < 20160609.sql 在Master数据库上面创建复制专用账户 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.78.%' identified by 'Mysql#2015'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.17 sec) 在从库上执行CHANGE MASTER命令 mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.78.141', -> master_port=3306, -> master_user='repl', -> master_password='Mysql#2015', -> master_auto_position = 1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.31 sec) --启动IO和SQL线程 mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.78.141 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: production-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 448 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 671 Relay_Master_Log_File: production-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 448 Relay_Log_Space: 882 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 27100 Master_UUID: cf291e84-2c89-11e6-b6f0-000c29631605 Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: cf291e84-2c89-11e6-b6f0-000c29631605:1 Executed_Gtid_Set: cf291e84-2c89-11e6-b6f0-000c29631605:1 Auto_Position: 1 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show processlist; +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | 4 | root | localhost | fire | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | | 6 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 480 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL | | 7 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 153 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL | +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) 来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/26506993/viewspace-2117892/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
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